5g 3gpp release. 0 Release 15 1 ETSI TS 138 413 V15.

5g 3gpp release 2. 5G concepts and technologies II. 3GPP Release 15 Agenda 49. For more information, including how to On June 18, 2024, at the 104th 3GPP RAN meeting in Shanghai, the Release 18 (R18) standard was officially frozen. Release 17 (ASN. WG SA1 . These enhancements include The 3G4G Blog: NWDAF in 3GPP Release-16 and Release-17; The 3G4G Blog: UE Radio Capability Signaling Optimization (RACS) in Rel. 564 version 17. Release 17 is perhaps the most The 5G Evolution: 3GPP Releases 16-17 white pap er highlights specific updates in Releases 1 6-17. SA2 kicked off Rel-18 Stage-2 work in Feb 2022, immediately following the Rel-18 content definition and prioritization at SA#94-e meeting in December 2021. 1 (2019-04) Reference RTS/TSGC-0429503vf21 Keywords 5G ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel. : +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la The 5G system is expected to be able to provide optimized support allocated to them by the network operator. . This includes accelerating the first release in 2018 to enable early 5G deployments. Although the detailed data on each piece of work (Studies, Work item descriptions, Features) is available via the work plan, or via the 3GPP Portal, we hope that the "initial state" (pre-Change Request state) of the Following 3GPP Release 18, Release 19 is set to unleash the full potential of 5G-A while addressing the critical needs in commercial deployment to improve network performance. BELLEVUE, Wash. 0 Release 16 1 ETSI TS 129 500 V16. 0. In this blog post, I will shed some light on a number of the key areas – low latency communication, spectrum flexibility, machine type communication, multi Catching up: 3GPP Release 16 onwards. "After three years of specification work, the handset manufacturers The 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) initiated 5G-Advanced in Release 18, laying a solid foundation for the further evolution of 5G-Advanced. The work plan is driven by the estimated freeze date of current and future Releases and the functional content of each Release. Maurice Pope. Release 16 is an evolutionary development that will positively impact mult i ple industries and is expected to be finalized in March 2020. As the first release of 5G-Advanced, Release 18 has been progressing well, even with the challenges in fully resuming 3GPP face-to-face meetings in 2022. On an industrial scale, the other area of major growth will be the use of RedCap sensors for campuses, factories and large private sites. Operation in unlicensed spectrum, intelligent transportation systems, Industrial Internet of Things, and non-terrestrial networks are just a few of the highlights. He became the overall 3GPP 5G technical standards lead at Qualcomm this summer taking over from Lorenzo Casaccia. 1 Release 15 1 ETSI TS 129 503 V15. 3G Release 5 - See version 5 of ’Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for a UTRAN-based 3GPP system’, TR The "Release 16 Description; Summary of Rel-16 Work Items" is now available, with the Work Plan manager's summary notes for each of the Features within. 2 Mobile has made a leap every ~10 years 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s Analog voice AMPS, NMT, TACS Digital voice D-AMPS, GSM, IS-95 (CDMA) Wireless Internet CDMA2000/EV-DO WCDMA/HSPA+ Mobile broadband LTE, LTE Advanced, Gigabit LTE The 3GPP has passed the midpoint in its work on its release 17 (Rel-17) specifications, with plans to publish them at the end of the first quarter of 2022. In this Defining an entire new standard for 5G is a large undertaking. 1. 0 (2020-11) Foreword This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Enhanced mobility. 0 Release 15 1 ETSI TS 138 413 V15. 5G standards, including GPRS and EDGE; UMTS and related 3G standards, including HSPA and HSPA+; LTE and related Today, 5G Americas, the voice of 5G and beyond in the Americas, has released a white paper titled ‘3GPP Technology Trends’ which provides a detailed overview of the 3rd Generation Partnership Technical Innovations in Release 18. , many Study Items defined to set up for Work Items in later releases) 5G 3GPP Release-18: Setting off the 5G 3GPP TS 29. 0 Release 17 5 ETSI TS 129 564 V17. 5G-Advanced aims to provide new functionalities extending beyond mere connectivity, thus unlocking a broader spectrum of sophisticated applications tailored to While the 3GPP Release 17 specifications are being finalized, 3GPP has already started to lay the foundations for the next version, Release 18. A short summary of the different projects that were completed as part of this new 5G standard This website uses cookies from us and our business partners to enhance your browsing experience. The four releases already slated for 5G are Releases 15, 16, 17 and 18, although 3GPP may add more as technology and user needs evolve over time. More on Release 8. Release 18 scope takes into consideration of the 5G Advanced evolution in Release 18, 19,and beyond (i. In this article, we provide an in-depth overview of the 5G-Advanced evolution in What Exactly is a 3GPP 5G Release? 3GPP uses a system of parallel Releases that provide developers with a stable platform for the implementation of features at a given point and then allow for the addition of GSA Industry Standardization and Strategy Consultant Adrian Scrase, formerly the CTO of ETSI and a part of 3GPP, told attendees to the Industrial 5G Forum (available on-demand here) that with 5G the industry 3GPP Organizational Partner, ATIS invites you to attend their webinar: 3GPP Release 18 Overview: The World of 5G-Advanced recorded on February 2, 2023. 503 version 15. This page is intended as a primer, as you step into the 3GPP RedCap work. 261 is the stage 1 3GPP Release 18 sets off the 5G Advanced Evolution. 5G Americas, the wireless industry trade association and The timeline for 3GPP 5G releases is provided, outlining the development of standalone 5G specifications and features through 2020. Rel-18 is the first release for 5G-Advanced. 5 to 2 years): 15, 16, BELLEVUE, Wash. Meanwhile, the discussions on the scope of Rel-18 are well underway. The 3GPP roadmap (see figure below) is continuously evolving to fulfill the larger 5G vision. At the same time, it allows the groups to switch priority to some exciting Release 17 features. The Fifth Generation of Mobile Telephony, or 5G, or 5GS, is the system defined by 3GPP from Release 15, functionally frozen in June 2018 and fully specified by September 2019. 261 version 16. We have decided to continue providing a link to the 5G version of the NetX network map via our website. 16) Explained; The 3G4G Blog: RAN3 will now add support for CP-UP split to LTE to so that LTE networks can also take advantage of some of the advanced radio architecture functions of 5G. It is possible that features may span more than one Release. AI/ML data-driven designs. 1 New verticals, deployments, use cases, and spectrum Longer-term evolution to deliver on the 5G vision Release 14 will mark the start of 5G work in 3GPP. The paper is publicly available for download, as is a shorter briefing paper here: Releases. 3GPP has split the 5G standard into two releases: Release 15, which corresponds to NR Phase 1, and Release 16, which corresponds to 5G and 5G-Advanced in 3GPP 2nd wave of 5G innovations 1. : +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - APE 7112B Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la In a major milestone for 5G, 3GPP finalized the Release 16 in July - its second set of specifications for 5G New Radio (NR) technology. 2017-03-13 10:55 UTC: Specification has been made Under Change Control. With these new capabilities, networks will be faster, with lower latencies; provide new ways of connecting devices; and establish architectures that facilitate new business prospects. 0 Release 16 5 ETSI TS 138 323 V16. 2023 5G connections: avg of ABI (Jun 2020), The 3GPP unites seven telecommunications standard development organizations to help them produce reports and specifications for that define 3GPP The work plan is driven by the estimated freeze date of current and future Releases. A 3GPP description document - Overview of 3GPP Release 5 is available on-line, giving a high-level view of the features that are included in the Release. Rel-18, the initial release for 5G-Advanced, signifies the subsequent stage in the progression of 5G technology. 3. In fact, 3GPP has already announced its decision to recognize Rel-18 as the first release of 5G Advanced to highlight the significant evolution of the 5G System With the 5G Advanced moniker, this release has a little bit more to live up to, says Qualcomm VP of Technical Standards Juan Montojo, who has been at the tech giant for 25 years and involved in 3GPP since 2003. 1 frozen in June 2022) was the first release with normative requirements for NTN in 3GPP specifications. 3GPP TS 38. 16; The 3G4G Blog: Conditional Handover (Rel. 0 (2020-11) Reference RTS/TSGC-0429500vg40 Keywords 5G ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel. Year : 2024: 2024 saw the debut of 5G-Advanced services, following on from the functional freeze of Release 18 in the summer. e. The table below shows the most recent A white paper published by 5G Americas in December 2022 looks towards 2025, focusing on 3GPP, on the way markets are developing and how new use cases will make use of features provided for in 3GPP Release 17. 0 (2018-07) Reference DTS/TSGR-0138211vf20 Keywords 5G ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel. 211 version 15. 3GPP The enhancements in the 3GPP releases 16 and 17 of 5G New Radio include both extensions to existing features as well as features that address new verticals and deployment scenarios. 14. Note: TS 22. Alain Sultan. 205 version 18. Release 17 WI "Stage 1 of 5GSAT" (5GSAT) transformed the results of the Release 16 SI FS_5GSAT into stage 1 requirements in TS 22. This could be for example a laptop in a residential home that accesses the internet via a "Rel-13 is very important for 3GPP, with a lot of interesting features, such as LTE in unlicensed and LTE / WiFi integration and other features for new segments - including the IoT story - as well as features like D2D and initial studies on V2V, etc. 500 version 16. As a continuation of 5G Advanced, Release 19 will focus on solutions that promote continuous investments in 5G commercial deployments to improve performance and address critical needs. Release 20; Release 19; Release 18; Release 17; Release 16; Release 15; Release 14; Release 13; Release 12; by acclimation - as 3GPP TSG RAN Chair at today’s opening session of TSG RAN#107 meeting, in Incheon, Korea. “Becoming 5G-Advanced: the 3GPP 2025 Roadmap” explores the following key topics: Review of 3GPP Rel-17 and 3GPP Rel-18 (5G Advanced) By Puneet Jain, 3GPP TSG SA Chair. The 3GPP Complete Work Plan can be downloaded from the FTP site. These documents go by the generic term specifications. 0 (2022-07) Foreword This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 3G Release 7 - See version 7 of ’Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for a UTRAN-based 3GPP system’, TR 3GPP TS 38. Release 13 is a big release, improving efficiency and also expanding it to a set of new services, new verticals, going forward. 3GPP SA 1 Service Development Approach • Identify a feature, capability or vertical segment for 5G support • Collect illustrative use cases along with proposed service requirements and KPIs Release 17. 5G device shipment projections: Qualcomm internal estimates, Nov 2020. In 2020 we blogged about the security of the 5G Service Based Architecture (SBA). In this initial 5G wave that began in 2018, 3GPP has completed three major releases (new releases every 1. : +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Update of April 26, 2019 After initial delivery in late 2017 of ‘Non-Stand-Alone’ (NSA) NR new radio specifications for 5G, much effort focused in 2018 on timely completion of 3GPP Release 15 – the first full set of 5G standards – and on work to pass the first milestones for the 3GPP submission towards IMT-2020. As a second article in my series of 5G 101 articles, this is a good opportunity to review the 3GPP release 17 builds on previous releases with the aim of improving 5G System performance, supporting new use cases and verticals, and providing ubiquitous connectivity in Learn about the latest advancements in wireless technology with the 3GPP Release. See the recording-free. Primary responsible group: SA 1: (Stage 1 of 5G) New Services and Markets Technology Enablers. 3GPP start date indicates approval of study package (study item->work item->specifications), previous release continues beyond start of next release with functional freezes and ASN. 2 Sources —5G commercial networks: operator public announcements. Work Plan . 14. 0 Release 15 1 ETSI TS 138 211 V15. : +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la 3GPP Release 18 sets out to define and complete the core and performance requirements for IoT operations over Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), an aspect not fully specified in the previous release. – December 7, 2022: Since 3G, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has standardized By Puneet Jain, 3GPP Working Group SA2 Chair. The completion of Release 16 occurred in 3GPP Market Representation Partner (MRP) 5G Americas has published a white paper, to highlight Release based evolution of 5G standards. - Coordination between RAN and SA groups is planned to The "Release 14 Description; Summary of Rel-14 Work Items" is now available, with the Work Plan manager's summary notes for each of the Features within. 0 (2024-07) Foreword This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Release 18 specifies further improvements of the 5G-Avanced system. 5G 3GPP Releases. 2 205+ •Next set of 5G releases (i. 0 (2018-09) Foreword This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Release 18 will deliver 5G-Advanced, as the mid-point of 5G standardization. Its best known work is the development and maintenance of: [1] GSM and related 2G and 2. Today, 5G Americas, the voice of 5G and beyond in the Americas, has The past few days (June 28 – July 2, 2021) have seen the first internal 3GPP workshop on the radio specific content of Release 18, reviewing over 500 company and partner organization’s presentations, to identify topics for the immediate and longer-term commercial needs for *: eMBB (evolved Mobile BroadBand); Non-eMBB evolution; New 5G Americas white paper explores new proposed key features & technologies in 3GPP Release 18. 413 version 15. Younsun Kim is By Wanshi Chen, TSG RAN Chair. 3GPP has been working at full speed toward completion of the second phase of 5G NR, known as Release 16, which occurred in October 2020. Release 16 - Today . 3GPP TS 29. , 18, 19, 20, ) •Rel-18 scope decided in Dec ’21 •Rel-18 study/work to start in Q2-2022 •5G broadcast •eMTC/NB-IoT with 5G core A 3GPP description document - Overview of 3GPP Release 7 is available on-line, giving a high-level view of the features that are included in the Release. At the same time, discussion on Release 19 is ongoing, aiming at having the Rel-19 package approval for RAN WG1, 2 and 3 (RAN1/2/3) completed by the end 3GPP Release 19 is bringing new 5G system capabilities and setting a direction for 6G. Agenda I. The first release of 5G’s “2 nd phase” of standardization in 3GPP, Release 18 (aka 5G-Advanced), is close to the finish line in TSG RAN. These improvements consist both in enhancements of concepts/Features introduced in the previous Releases and Take a look at what the existing 3GPP 5G RAN releases timeline looks like and the notable features of each release, as well as how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected 3GPP's timeline in addition to carriers' 5G deployment “Becoming 5G-Advanced: the 3GPP 2025 Roadmap” explores the following key topics: Review of 3GPP Rel-17 and 3GPP Rel-18 (5G Advanced) Global market trends, new use cases and 5G 3GPP Releases Release 15. SA1 -Services Network of Service Robots with Ambient Intelligence Energy Efficiency as service criteria Upper layer traffic steering, switching and split over dual 3GPP access Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (Phase 3) As the first release of 5G-Advanced, Release 18 has been progressing well despite the challenges in fully resuming 3GPP face-to-face meetings in 2022. This milestone marks the beginning of 5G-Advanced (5G-A) standardization, setting a crucial foundation for the evolution and deployment of next-generation 5G networks. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is expected to publish the initial 5G networks and 3GPP Release 15 1 ITU PITA Workshop on Mobile network planning and security Sami TABBANE 23-25 October 2019 –Nadi, Fiji Islands. Feature development is based around 3GPP Releases. S1. This upcoming release will build on the For Wireless wireline convergence, the main part of the security work was on so-called authenticable non-3GPP (AUN3) devices behind 5G capable residential gateways (5G-RGs). In the fast-evolving world of mobile telecommunications, standards development is an intricate process, with each new release refining, building, and expanding upon its predecessor. Strengthen the end -to-end 5G system foundation. 0 Release 18 4 ETSI TS 121 205 V18. While initial specifications enabled non-standalone 5G (NSA) integrated into previous-generation LTE networks, the scope of Release 15 expands to cover ‘standalone’ 5G SA, with The present document identifies the 3GPP Technical Specifications required to build a 5G system. Operators investing in 5G: GSA, Oct 2020. As it evolves 5G-A will play an important role bridging from 5G to 6G with more use cases and new features being added in 3GPP Rel-19. Advanced DL/UL MIMO. What’s in 3GPP Release 18? Strengthen the end-to-end 5G system foundation Advanced DL/UL MIMO Enhanced mobility Mobile IAB, network-controlled repeater AI/ML data-driven designs Green networks and devices Evolved duplexing Proliferate 5G to virtually all devices and use cases Boundless extended reality Expanded sidelink RedCap Building on the baseline defined by 3GPP Releases 15, 16, and 17, 5G Advanced represents the aggregated value of the 5G evolution from 2018 and onwards. : +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la 3GPP’s Release 16 is an evolution of 5G that offers a revolution in business opportunities. 3G Release 8 - See version 8 of "Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for a UTRAN-based 3GPP system", The 5G Standard. Evolved duplexing. Release 19-the next wave of 5G-Advanced-will primarily focus on commercial deployment needs while serving as a bridge toward 6G. The 5G Evolution:3GPP Releases 16-17 (5G Americas) [2] RP-200494 - UE Power Saving in NR (Work Item Description) [3] TR 38. 321 version 15. 5G, pre5G or uses the official 3GPP term LTE-Advanced Pro; standard-compliant LTE technology that builds upon current and completed 3GPP Releases (8-14), along with the first drop of New Radio air interface features with Release 15 in 2018, will form 5G in its Phase 1 deployments commencing 2020. Release 18 Status. It introduces various optimizations to current 5G Despite the impact of COVID-19, momentum for enhancements to LTE and 5G standards continue with additional releases from the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). – January 10, 2024: The transformative potential of 3GPP’s current trends and technologies are focused on positively reshaping our daily lives. 261 (see also SP-200569 CR0428rev4). Proliferate 5G to virtually all devices and use cases Boundless extended 3GPP Release 17: To bring new system capabilities and expand 5G to new devices, applications, and deployment Completing the first phase of the 5G evolution. 3GPP’s latest focus on Release 20 (Rel-20) represents a crucial step toward the next-generation The 3GPP standards association has finished the bulk of its work on Release 18, and it's now available to 5G equipment vendors. As a second article in my series of 5G 101 articles, this is a good opportunity to review the Specification has been created for release Rel-15. This includes - 3GPP will standardize 5G technology in two phases, with Release 15 aiming for early 2020 deployments and Release 16 targeting the IMT-2020 submission. New specifications 3GPP Release 18 is known as “Advanced 5G” as it introduces several new features and enhancements to the existing 5G network standard, which will significantly improve the performance, efficiency, and capabilities of The 3GPP unites seven telecommunications standard development organizations to help them produce reports and specifications for that define 3GPP technologies. The 5G NR standards — Release 15 and Release 16 — from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) include several enhancements designed to attain the QoS required for URLLC. 3GPP Release 17: To bring new system capabilities and expand 5G to new devices, applications, and deployment Completing the first phase of the 5G evolution. It also lists relevant Technical Reports. 3GPP regularly publishes Technical Specifications (TSs) and Technical Reports (TRs) pertaining to mobile cellular systems (2G/3G/4G/5G). The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is an umbrella term for a number of standards organizations which develop protocols for mobile telecommunications. 0 (2018-07) Reference DTS/TSGR-0338413vf00 Keywords 5G ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel. The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal TSG approval. 0 Release 15 6 ETSI TS 138 321 V15. First published December 2024, in Highlights Issue 09. , 18, 19, 20, ) •Rel-18 scope decided in Dec ’21 •Rel-18 study/work to start in Q2-2022 •5G broadcast •eMTC/NB-IoT with 5G core Just Completed: Release 16. The 5G Advanced features will enhance 5G network performance and strengthen the support In a major milestone for 5G, 3GPP finalized the Release 16 in July – its second set of specifications for 5G New Radio (NR) technology. The recently concluded 3GPP Release 18 marks the introduction of 5G Advanced. Release 18. 0 Release 16 1 ETSI TS 122 261 V16. 222 to network slice as well to improve security of a network slice, especially at the N6 interface towards internet. 3GPP R17 Summary. Although the detailed data on each piece of work (Studies, Work item descriptions, Features) is available via the work plan, or via the 3GPP Portal, we hope that the "initial state" (pre-Change Request state) of the The 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) radio access network (RAN) plenary recently approved a work package for its Release 18, which represents a major evolution and is branded as the first release of 5G Advanced. True Release 20 (Spec is UCC for this Release) Latest 3GPP TS 29. 3GPP SA 1 5G Services - Enhancement . The potential of using Common API Framework for 3GPP Northbound APIs (CAPIF)(see TS 23. 0 (2021-04) Reference RTS/TSGS-0122261vge0 Keywords 5G ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel. " Whether one calls it 4. 3GPP Release 18, often referred to as “5G Advanced,” marks a significant step forward in the evolution of 5G technology, introducing a range of enhancements that promise to elevate network to deliver on the full promise of the Internet of Everything. 5G Advanced evolution 3GPP Release 18. 3GPP uses a system of parallel “Releases” which provide developers with a stable platform for the 3GPP meets four times a year at the end of each quarter to plan and develop new releases, which improve upon past releases and provide new standardized functionalities. In addition to the continued LTE evolution, a new radio access technology will be standardized, and these two technologies together will form 5G radio access. 840 - Study on User Equipment (UE) power saving in NR [4] Study on User Equipment (UE) power NR RedCap will play a large part in the growth of 5G, as 'wearables' for medical, business and personal monitoring come on stream. In Release 17, A 3GPP description document - Overview of 3GPP Release 8 is available on-line, giving a high-level view of the features that are included in the Release. Mobile IAB, smart repeater. The work package includes diverse study and work items which will further boost 5G performance significantly and address a wide variety of new use This 5G Americas white paper provides an overview of key features and technologies under study and being specified in 3GPP for Release 18 (Rel-18) for implementation and deployment in the 2025-time frame. Discover new features and improvements for mobile. As a second article in my series of 5G 101 articles, this is a good opportunity to review the ETSI 3GPP TS 21. Green networks. ‘3GPP Technology Trends’ is an overview of the journey to 5G-Advanced, which begins with the completion of 3GPP Release 18. 5G New Radio (NR) specifications in Release 15 • In a major milestone for 5G, 3GPP finalized the Release 16 in July - its second set of specifications for 5G New Radio (NR) technology. First published Nov 2023, in Highlights Issue 07 . 323 version 16. The Release 17 schedule will now allow 3GPP the time it needs to complete the maintenance of Release 16 specifications as they become very stable. 我们预测5G Advanced 将在这十年中继续在 3GPP发展，同时，如图 1所示，我们预计从2025年开始的6G标准化将在 Release 20和Release 21中加速。 图1：爱立信对3GPP的5G Advanced和6G时间表的看法（2025年以后的日期仅供参考） 5G Advanced, formally defined in 3GPP Release 18, is an upgrade to existing 5G networks and has seen initial deployment in some countries. 3GPP TS 22. The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal Release 16 and Release 17 have focused on enhancing those use cases, especially URLLC and mMTC. 4. The blog covered direct communication scenarios, briefly introduced indirect communication using the Service Communication Proxy (SCP) and described the challenge of automated certificate management for certificate enrolment for all By Puneet Jain, 3GPP TSG SA Chair. onyan ppme ezml oydmewxil xvrxg xhgb akp jqbczbt maex pemq erqbzri ljxk rzcilie khbdwb bzd